Samkalin Bharat Class 9 Notes - Bharat Ka Bhautik Swaroop

Chapter Overview

Is chapter mein hum Bharat ke physical features ke baare mein detail mein padhenge. Bharat ka bhautik swaroop bahut diverse hai - yahan high Himalayas se lekar coastal plains tak har type ka landscape milta hai. Neeche main points diye gaye hain:

• Bharat ke major physiographic divisions
• Himalayan mountain ranges ki characteristics
• Northern plains ka formation aur features
• Peninsular plateau ki structure
• Coastal plains aur islands ka description

Here we have provided NCERT notes for Class 9 समकालीन भारत in hindi Language, Just select the chapters below to get notes of the same:

भारत and आकार और स्थिति

भारत and का भौतिक स्वरूप

अपवाह

जलवायु

प्राकृतिक वनस्पति तथा वन्य प्राणी

जनसंख्या

Bharat Ke Bhautik Swaroop Ki Mukhya Visheshtayen

Bharat ka bhautik swaroop bahut hi vividh hai. Isse 6 major physiographic divisions mein baanta ja sakta hai: Himalayan mountains, Northern plains, Peninsular plateau, Indian desert, Coastal plains aur Islands.

1. Himalayan Mountains

Himalaya Bharat ki northern boundary par sthit ek young fold mountain range hai. Ye teen parallel ranges mein banti hai:

• Himadri (Greater Himalayas) - Sabse oonchi range, average height 6,000 meter se bhi zyada. Yahan par Mount Everest jaise glaciers aur peaks hain.
• Himachal (Lesser Himalayas) - Ye range Himadri ke south mein hai. Yahan par hill stations jaise Shimla, Mussoorie aate hain.
• Shiwaliks (Outer Himalayas) - Sabse nichi range, width 10-50 km. Ye range mainly unconsolidated sediments se bani hai.

Himalayas ko 4 regional divisions mein bhi baanta gaya hai: Punjab Himalayas, Kumaon Himalayas, Nepal Himalayas aur Assam Himalayas.

2. Northern Plains

Ye plains Himalayas ke south mein Indus, Ganga aur Brahmaputra river systems ke depositional work se bane hain. Yeh teen bhagon mein bante hain:

• Bhabar - Plain ke upper part mein bade stones aur pebbles ka strip.
• Terai - Bhabar ke neeche marshy aur forested area.
• Alluvial Plains - Khadar (naya alluvium) aur Bhangar (purana alluvium) dono yahan milte hain.

Yeh plains world ke sabse fertile regions mein se hain.

3. Peninsular Plateau

Ye Bharat ka sabse purana landmass hai, jo Gondwana land ka hissa tha. Is plateau ko do bhaagon mein baanta hai:

• Central Highlands - Narmada river ke north mein. Malwa plateau, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand aate hain.
• Deccan Plateau - Narmada ke south mein. Isme Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana ke plateau shamil hain. Western Ghats aur Eastern Ghats iske boundaries hain.

4. Indian Desert

Rajasthan ka Thar desert (Marusthali) sand dunes aur arid climate ke liye jaana jaata hai. Yahan Luni river bahati hai, aur kuch salty lakes bhi hain.

5. Coastal Plains

Bharat ke pas do long coastlines hain - Arabian Sea side (west) aur Bay of Bengal side (east). Western coastal plain narrow hai, divided into Konkan, Kanara aur Malabar. Eastern coastal plain wide hai, jisme Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna aur Kaveri deltas hain. Iska northern part Northern Circars aur southern part Coromandel Coast kehlata hai.

6. Islands

Bharat ke do major island groups hain: Andaman & Nicobar (Bay of Bengal mein) jo volcanic origin hain, aur Lakshadweep (Arabian Sea mein) jo coral reefs se bane hain. Andaman mein Barren Island ek active volcano hai.

Key Points Recap: Bharat ka bhautik swaroop geological history, tectonic movements aur river systems ki wajah se bana hai. Sabhi divisions ki apni alag features aur importance hain. Is chapter ko samajhne ke liye map study zaroori hai.