Yeh notes class 10 science ke chapter 'Rasayanik Abhikriya evam Samikaran' ke liye hain. Is chapter mein hum chemical reactions aur unke equations ke baare mein padhenge. Sabse pehle hum samjhenge ki chemical reaction kya hoti hai. Jab do ya do se zyada substances aapas mein react karte hain aur ek naya substance banta hai, toh usse chemical reaction kehte hain. Jaise iron aur oxygen react karke rust (jank) banate hain. Har chemical reaction ko hum symbols aur formulas ke madad se represent karte hain, jise chemical equation kehte hain. Is chapter mein hum seekhenge ki chemical equations kaise likhe jaate hain, unhe kaise balance kiya jaata hai, aur different types of chemical reactions kaise identify ki jaati hain. Ye notes aapko exam ke liye taiyaari karne mein madad karenge.
Here we have provided NCERT notes for Class 10 विज्ञान in hindi Language, Just select the chapters below to get notes of the same:
Chemical reaction ek process hai jismein do ya do se zyada substances (reactants) aapas mein interact karte hain aur naye substances (products) bante hain. Ye ek physical change se different hai kyunki ismein substance ka chemical composition badal jaata hai. Jaise magnesium ribbon ko jalane par magnesium oxide banta hai - ye ek chemical reaction hai.
Chemical equation ko likhne ke liye reactants aur products ke chemical formulas use kiye jaate hain. Jaise magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide. Isse hum aise likhte hain: Mg + O₂ → MgO. Lekin ye equation balance nahi hai, kyunki dono taraf atoms ki sankhya barabar nahi hai. Isliye hume equation ko balance karna hota hai.
Balancing ka matlab hai ki reactants aur products mein har element ke atoms ki sankhya barabar honi chahiye. Iske liye hum coefficients (numbers jo formulas ke aage likhe jaate hain) ka istemal karte hain. Example: Mg + O₂ → MgO. Left side: Mg=1, O=2; Right side: Mg=1, O=1. Balance karne ke liye hum MgO ke aage 2 lagate hain: Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. Ab left side Mg=1, right side Mg=2. To Mg ke aage 2 lagao: 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. Ab dono sides balance hain.
Is reaction mein do ya do se zyada reactants combine hokar ek product banate hain. Jaise CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ (chuna aur paani se chune ka paani banta hai).
Is reaction mein ek reactant toot kar do ya do se zyada products bana leta hai. Jaise ferrous sulphate ko garam karne par ferric oxide, sulphur dioxide aur sulphur trioxide bante hain. Aise reaction mein usually heat, light ya electricity ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Is reaction mein ek element doosre element ko uske compound se displace kar deta hai. Jaise iron + copper sulphate → iron sulphate + copper. Iron zyada reactive hai isliye copper ko displace kar deta hai.
Is reaction mein do compounds ke ions exchange hote hain. Jaise sodium sulphate + barium chloride → barium sulphate + sodium chloride. Ismein barium sulphate precipitate (solid) ke roop mein nikalta hai.
Redox reaction ka matlab hota hai oxidation aur reduction dono ek saath. Oxidation mein oxygen gain ya hydrogen loss hota hai, reduction mein oxygen loss ya hydrogen gain. Jaise CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O, yahan CuO ka reduction aur H₂ ka oxidation ho raha hai.
Har chemical reaction ko physical state ke saath likhna chahiye - (s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous solution. Jaise Mg(s) + O₂(g) → MgO(s). Balancing karte waqt kabhi bhi formulas change nahi karte, sirf coefficients badalte hain. Combination aur decomposition reactions aksar opposite hote hain. Displacement reaction tab hota hai jab active element less active element ko displace kare - reactivity series yaad rahe. Redox reactions mein oxidation number ka concept bhi important hai, jo aage ke classes mein aayega.
1. Niche diye gaye equation ko balance karein: H₂ + O₂ → H₂O. Answer: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.
2. Kya type hai: 2Pb(NO₃)₂ → 2PbO + 4NO₂ + O₂. Answer: Decomposition reaction.
3. Zinc copper sulphate se copper ko displace karta hai - equation likho. Answer: Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu - ye displacement reaction hai.
Yeh notes aapko chemical reactions aur equations ki basic understanding dene ke liye kaafi hain. Practice karte rahein aur apne teacher se doubts clear karein. Good luck!
