Fransisi Kranti (1789-1799) Europe ki sabse badi krantiyon mein se ek thi. Isne France mein rajshahi shasan ka ant kiya aur aam nagrikon ko adhikar diye. Class 9 Itihaas ke is chapter mein hum padhenge ki kranti kaise shuru hui, kya the iske mukhya karan, aur iska prabhav kya pada.
Yeh notes aapko CBSE board ke exam ke liye madad karega.
Here we have provided NCERT notes for Class 9 इतिहास in hindi Language, Just select the chapters below to get notes of the same:
Fransisi Kranti ke kai karan the. Teen mukhya karan the: samajik, arthik, aur rajnitik.
Fransi samaj tin vargon mein bata hua tha: Clergy (Pujari varg), Nobility (Raja aur rajkumar), aur Third Estate (Aam nagrik). Teesra varg 97% tha lekin uske paas koi adhikar nahi the. Unhe bhari kar deni padti thi jabki pahle do vargon ko chhut thi.
King Louis XVI ke samay France ki mali halat bahut kharab thi. America ki kranti mein madad karne ke liye bhayankar kharcha hua. Saalon ki sookhe aur kadhi sardi ne kheti barbad kar di. Roti ke daam badh gaye aur log bhookhe the.
Raja ka shasan belagam tha. King Louis XVI aur uski patni Marie Antoinette par aishwarya ka ilzam tha. Raja koi sudhar nahi kar pata tha.
1789 mein Raja ne Estates General bulaya – ek type ki parliament jahan teen vargon ke pratinidhi aate the. Teesre varg ne madad maangi lekin unhe ignore kiya gaya. Unhone apni alag sabha – National Assembly – bana li. 20 June 1789 ko unhonne Tennis Court Oath liya ki jab tak naya constitution nahi banate, tab tak nahi todenge.
14 July 1789 ko Paris ki bheed ne Bastille jail par hamla kiya. Yeh rajshahi atyachar ka prateek tha. Is din ko French National Day (Bastille Day) ke roop mein manaya jata hai.
National Assembly ne Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen banaya. Isme kaha gaya ki sabhi log janm se swatantra aur samaan hain. Unhe swatantrata, sampatti, suraksha aur utpidan ke viruddh khade hone ka adhikar hai.
1791 mein ek naya constitution banaya gaya jismein rajashahi shasan to khatam nahi hua lekin raja ki shaktiyan seemit kar di gayi. Sirf sampann purushon ko vote dene ka adhikar mila.
Mahilayein bhi kranti mein sakriya theen. Unhonne roti aur adhikaron ke liye march nikala. 1793 mein kuch adhikar mile par baad mein waapas le liye gaye.
Robespierre ke netritva mein kranti ne atyachar ka roop liya. Sansaadhakaron ko Reign of Terror ka naam diya jata hai. Hazaron logon ko guillotine (phansi ka yantra) se maut di gayi. 1794 mein Robespierre ko bhi phansi di gayi.
Kranti ke baad France mein stabdheeta nahi aayi. 1799 mein General Napoleon Bonaparte ne satta sambhali. Usne Europe ke bade bhaag ko jeeta aur ek naya rajya sthaapit kiya. Napoleon ke patan ke baad bhi kranti ke vichar jaise ki swatantrata, samanta aur bhratrutva Europe aur duniya mein phail gaye.
Fransisi Kranti ne duniya ko dikhaya ki janta ki shakti kitni bari hai. Isne rajshahi aur feudaal vyavastha ko kamjor kiya. Isne democracy aur samaan adhikaron ki neev rakhi. Aaj bhi French Revolution ke nara 'Liberté, égalité, fraternité' (Swatantrata, Samanta, Bhratrutva) ko pure duniya mein yaad kiya jata hai.
Class 9 Itihaas ke is chapter ko samajhna important hai. French Revolution ke pichhe ke karan, ghatnayein aur parinam aapko history mein gahrai se samajhne mein madad karenge. Exam ke liye inhi binduon par dhyan dein.
