
Yeh ‘Aasri Alami Siyasat’ class 12 ke liye NCERT/CBSE ne Urdu bhasha mein taiyar ki hai. Iska main fokus antar rashtriya sambandh (International Relations) par hai. Ismein shital yuddh ke baad ki duniya, bhartiya videsh niti, global sansadhan aur vikas – in sabhi mahatvapurn vishayon ka vishleshan kiya gaya hai.
This book’s been fully updated to match the 2023-24 NCERT syllabus. And guess what? It packs in a total of 9 chapters, each one covering the topics listed below.
Is adhyay mein hum dekhte hain ke US aur USSR ke beech shital yuddh ne duniya ko kaise do khemon mein baant diya. Gathbandhan bane, non-alignment ki raah nikli, aur in sabka vishleshan yahan kiya gaya hai. Chhatron ko NATO aur Warsaw Pact ki poori jankari milti hai, saath hi Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) ka bhi poora roop samajh aata hai. Yani, jo log padhenge, unhe yeh samajh aayega ke yeh tino sangathan kis tarah us daur ki siyasat ke kendra mein the.
1991 ke baad jab USSR tuta, toh duniya ne pehli baar yeh mehsoos kiya ki woh purana zamana khatam ho gaya hai. Ab ek hi superpower bachi thi, aur usne aatankvad ke khilaf apni jang chhed di. Lekin yeh naya vishwa kram apne saath naye sawaal aur nayi pareshaniyan bhi laaya, jinke baare mein hum aaj bhi poore taur par samajh nahi paaye hain.
Bharat ki videsh niti ki reedh ki haddi kya hai, yeh samajhna zaroori hai. Panchsheel ke siddhant, gathbandhan se doori, samprabhuta aur vikas – yeh chaar pillars hain jis par poori niti khadi hai. Aur phir woh sambandh jo duniya ke saath banaye gaye hain. Bharat-Russia ka purana rishta, Bharat-Amerika ki nayi partnership, aur apne padosiyon se judi uljhanen – in sabka alag-alag adhyayan hota hai. Koi ek formula nahi hai. Har rishta alag hai, har equation alag hai.
Is adhyay mein hum dekhenge ki United Nations, World Bank, IMF aur WTO jaise antar rashtriya sangathan aaj kya karte hain aur inme sudhar ki kitni zaroorat hai—sach mein, kitni? UN Security Council ki sadasyata ko lekar bhi kai prastav rakhe gaye hain. Koi kehta hai ki isme badlav hona chahiye. Koi kehta hai ki maujooda dhang theek hai. Dono ki apni daleel hai, par sawal ye hai ki kya ye sangathan aaj ke haalaat ke hisaab se kaafi hain, ya inhe naye zamane ke saath kadam milana zaroori hai—kya yeh purani chaal mein phans gaye hain?
Prakritik sansadhan, jalwayu parivartan aur sustainable development. Yeh teeno aaj vishw rajniti ke bahut bade mudde ban chuke hain. Inhe ek-doosre se alag karke dekhna ab mumkin nahi—bilkul bhi nahi. Paris samjhauta iska sabse bada udaharan hai, jahan duniya ke desh ek saath aaye, haalaanki unki manzilein alag thi. Aur phir COP sammelanon ka silsila, jo har saal inhi maslon par hota hai, har baar kuch naye waade aur kuch purane sawaal lekar. In sabne milkar global rajneeti ko ek nayi disha di hai, jahan vikas aur paryavaran ke beech santulan banana ab anivarya ho gaya hai—ya kam se kam, bahut zaroori.
Globalization ne duniya ko jod diya hai, lekin saath hi usne kuch aise takleefon ko bhi janm diya hai jo pehle itni saaf nazar nahi aati thin. Regionalism aur identity politics ke is dor mein, log apni pehchaan ko lekar naye sawaal utha rahe hain — kaun hai, kiska hai, aur kiski awaaz suni jaayegi? In sawaalon ka koi aasaan jawab nahi. Aur yahi wajah hai ki is adhyay mein hum dekhenge ki in samasyaon ka samadhan dhoondhne ke liye vishw star par kya-kya koshishen ho rahi hain. Kuch log kehte hain ki globalisation ne hi in samasyaon ko badhaya hai, toh kuch ka kehna hai ki isi ke zariye inka hal bhi nikal sakta hai. Baat chahe UN ki ho, ya kisi aur antarrashtriya manch ki — sab jagah yahi koshish hai ki in uchchhedon se judi uljhanon ko suljhaya jaye. Lekin kya ye koshishen kaafi hain? Shayad nahi. Phir bhi, yehi woh raste hain jinke saath hum aage badh sakte hain.
Class 12 ke students ke liye yeh kitaab sirf ek kitaab nahi hai—yeh vishwa rajniti ko samajhne ki seedhi si kundi hai. Chahe aap IGNOU ki taiyari kar rahe hain, ya UPSC ka sapna dekh rahe hain, ya koi aur competitive exam ki tayari mein jute hain—yeh aapke kaam aayegi. Kitab ko palatne ke baad aap antar rashtriya sambandh ke un asli muddon ko samajh paayenge jo aksar kitaabon mein aise hi ghuma-fira kar chhod diye jaate hain. Jaise, shital yuddh ka zamaana ho ya aaj ka Ukraine-Russia sangharsh—aap ko samajh aa jayega ke duniya ke rishton ki dor kaise banti hai, kaise tooti hai, aur kaise dobara judti hai. Kuchh cheezein seedhi baatein hain, kuchh pehli baar samajh aati hain—lekin is kitaab ke saath, rajniti ka naksha aapke zehan mein clear ho jaata hai.
Safar: Yeh NCERT ki kitab padhne ke baad, aapko duniya ke neta, deshon ke beech ki takraar aur sahyog ke gehre pehlu dikhne lagte hain. Agar aap class 12 mein hain, toh ise poori tawajjo se padhiye, aur board mein ache number laane ke liye abhyas ke sawalon ko hal karna na bhoolein.